Is it nausea and vomiting?
Nausea and vomiting is not a specific disease, but rather a symptom of a disease that already exists. Nausea is the sensation that the stomach to empty its contents, whereas the incidence of vomiting was forcible emptying of the stomach.
What causes nausea and vomiting?
There are various causes of nausea and vomiting, among others:
Acute gastritis
That is an inflammation of the stomach because of the ingredients that irritate the stomach surface, for example:
- Infection. Infection can be caused by viruses (eg, norovirus and rotavirus), parasites (eg Amoeba group), and bacteria (especially Helicobacter pylori). The symptoms may be accompanied by abdominal pain or fever.
- Food poisoning. Symptoms usually appear within a few hours after mongonsumsi contaminated food and may last for 1-2 days. The bacteria that cause food poisoning include: Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, E. coli, Listeria, or Clostridium botulinum.
- Gastric ulcer. Namely the loss of the surface protective layer of the stomach so that the stomach acid irritates the stomach surface.
- Other gastric irritants, such as alcohol, cigarettes, and anti-pain medications (such as aspirin and ibuprofen) and herbs that contain corticosteroids.
That is because the signal from the brain that cause nausea and vomiting. The signal can be caused by:
- Headache, eg migraine
- Disturbance balance system in the inner ear, such as motion sickness, infection in the ears, vertigo, or Meniere peyakit
- Head injury. Bleeding in the head, resulting in increased pressure in the cavity of the head can cause vomiting. Vomiting is usually not preceded by nausea, often spraying, and is not affected by food. In addition to bleeding, the pressure in the cavity of the head can also increase due to an infection or a tumor causing the typical symptoms like vomiting.
- Certain stimuli. Odors or certain sounds can trigger nausea and vomiting. This is caused by the stimulation of the vagus nerve. Emotional shock and pain can also trigger nausea and vomiting. Some people also feel sick to vomiting after witnessing an event, for example, witnessed a traffic accident.
Other diseases
- Diabetes. One of the long-term complications of diabetes is neuropathy or nerve fibers disorder. When this happens to the nerve fibers in the stomach, there will be interference with the movement of the stomach in an attempt to empty its contents into the small intestine. Consequently, the sensation of a full stomach, nausea accompanied by vomiting. Nausea and vomiting in people with diabetes can also be caused by impaired balance blood sugar levels, good sugar levels that are too low or too high.
- Diseases of the organs in the abdominal cavity can cause nausea and vomiting, for example hepatitis, gallbladder disease, pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel, kidney disease, or cancer
- Disease in other organs outside the abdominal cavity can also cause nausea and vomiting, such as heart attacks and lung infection
- Sepsis, which is an infection that spreads through the bloodstream
- Eating disorders such as bulimia (stimulate yourself to regurgitate food eaten), which is a psychiatric disease
Medications
- Side effects of some can cause stomach irritation and / or nausea and vomiting, for example, cancer therapy drugs, anti-pain medications, and antibiotics. Radiation therapy can also cause nausea and vomiting.
Bowel obstruction
- Abdominal pain, flatulence and enlarged, nausea and vomiting, and difficulty flatulence and defecation is a symptom of intestinal obstruction. This leads to intestinal blockage of food, water, and enzymes are produced by the digestive organs can not flow back into the digestive tract so on it until finally lead to vomiting.
Pregnancy
- Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy usually occurs in the first trimester and is caused by elevated levels of HCG hormone in the blood.
How containment procedures nausea and vomiting at home?
The important thing is to rest the stomach and prevent dehydration. Fluid (either water, beverages that contain electrolytes, or juice) can be given little by little, about 100-200 cc every 10-15 minutes. Feeding delayed until the patient is able, then gradually given his best, ranging from soft foods and then increased slowly. Milk should be avoided in the first 24-48 hours because the enzymes that digest milk usually vented when the gag so that feeding will worsen the condition of patients.
When do we have to call the doctor?
If vomiting lasts more than 24 hours, if there is a risk of severe dehydration (such as people with difficulty drinking, especially among infants and the elderly), or if there are other diseases that underlie that can worsen the condition of the patient (eg injury head as described above). If nausea and vomiting accompanied by abdominal pain, fever, vomiting with blood, or black-colored bowel movements, immediately contact a doctor.
