A person with HIV does not necessarily mean that also suffer from AIDS. Takes years for people with HIV to berkembanng AIDS virus. HIV and AIDS can not be cured. However, the currently available drugs (antiretroviral drugs), it is possible for someone with HIV to have a normal life with optimal quality of life.
This disease was first arose in Africa, Haiti, and the United States in 1978. In 1979 the United States reported cases of infection are rare. However, when the scientists do not yet understand that infections are rare it is constituted by a disease called AIDS.
According to DG PPM and PL MOH statistics HIV / AIDS cases in Indonesia cumulatively from 1987 to 2010 amounted to 20 564 people with the data people died of 3,936 people.
Cause
Human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, is the virus which is a type of retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus weakens a person's ability to fight infections and cancer. There are two types of HIV virus is HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more virulent than HIV-2. Each strain attacked in different geographic areas, but symptoms appear is the same. People with HIV are said to have AIDS when they are infections or certain cancers or when the number of CD4 (T-cells) in the body less than 200 CD4 count is determined by a blood test in the laboratory.
What is AIDS?
AIDS is a more advanced stage of HIV infection. When CD4 cells are part Daris immune system down to a level so low that a person's ability to fight infection is gone. There are several conditions that occur in people with HIV infection with symptoms of a failure of the immune system - the so-called AIDS.
Who Should be Tested for HIV?
More recently, the CDC changed the testing recommendations. All adults should be screened at least once. People who are considered high risk (injecting drug users, sex partners of more than 1, for example) should be tested more frequently. All pregnant women should be tested. Anyone who has been exposed to needles or exposure to significant blood of people known to have HIV or from unknown sources should be tested as well.
In HIV there is called the "window period" or the window period, when a new person is infected with HIV, HIV actually already exists in him, but when tested laboratory, the blood of HIV negative results. Why does this happen? Because the virus has not been strong enough and large in number to reveal itself as HIV positive. Precisely this is dangerous, and if someone is indeed risky, it is advisable should consult again their HIV status while waiting for the next 6 months window period is completed.
Mode of transmission
Transmission of HIV / AIDS are capable of sexual contact (anal sex, oral / mouth, and sex is normal) as well as non-sexual (such as transmission between the syringe on drugs, blood donations from donors with HIV, from placenta mother to baby, from breastfeeding, saliva, tears).
Improper modes of transmission is via water perspiration, skin to skin contact such as shaking hands, hugging. This will not transmit HIV / AIDS.
Symptom
Some people get a flu-like illness within a month after infection. These symptoms usually disappear within a week to a month. A person can have HIV for years before feeling sick and looked like a healthy person in general.
As long as the disease progresses, the person may develop a fungal infection on the tongue (thrush), and the women could easily be exposed to severe vaginal yeast infection or pelvic inflammatory disease. Herpes zoster is often seen since the early, often before a person is diagnosed with HIV.
Signs that HIV turns into AIDS include:
Fever that does not heal
Night sweats
Feeling tired all the time (not from stress or lack of sleep)
Feel sick all the time
Drastic weight loss
Swollen lymph nodes (lumps are round the neck, groin, or armpit)
Sores that do not heal
Typical infections are rare in healthy people but can occur in people of AIDS:
Kaposi's sarcoma, a tumor of skin that looks like a black or purple spots on the skin or in the mouth
Mental changes and headaches caused by a fungal infection or a tumor in the brain and spinal cord
Shortness of breath and difficulty breathing due to lung infection
Dementia
Malnutrition
Chronic diarrhea
Enforcement Diagnosis
If a person with HIV infection has a CD4 count drops below 200 - or if a particular infection appears (AIDS-defining illness) - people who are considered to have AIDS.
Treatment & Care
Indeed, HIV / AIDS has no cure eradicate HIV. However, with the existing drugs, the spread and growth of HIV in the body can be reduced and slowed. His name is anti-retroviral drugs. Without treatment, almost all people with HIV will fall into a state of AIDS. When seeseorang discovered that he was HIV, the possibility of the person does not decide to start taking the drug immediately. The decision to initiate antiretroviral see past a person's medical history, the length of time they have been infected with HIV, CD4 T-cell count, and current health condition, as well as a commitment to comply with the procedures taking drugs.
Patient compliance is very important to remember these drugs taken for life and only time non-adherent, it is feared there will be a reaction of resistance or kebalnya virus to antiretroviral drugs while to find this drug requires many years of research.
Currently scientists are also researching and developing HIV vaccines. Two major types of HIV vaccines are currently being studied is a vaccine for the prevention and therapy.
By taking ARVs, a mother with HIV who are pregnant will not transmit HIV to the baby. However, preferably, someone who has HIV should consult a doctor to plan a special delivery to the proper method for childbirth and breastfeeding. (dr. Ursula Penny)
